重磅動(dòng)作!央行重啟14天逆回購(gòu)手機(jī)免費(fèi)在線播放
2024-09-24 14:45:33
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《重磅動(dòng)作!央行重啟14天逆回購(gòu)手機(jī)免費(fèi)在線播放》 演員表
央行新操作!
7月8日,人民銀行(下稱“央行”)發(fā)布公開市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù)公告稱,為保持銀行體系流動(dòng)性合理充裕,提高公開市場(chǎng)操作的精準(zhǔn)性和有效性,從即日起,人民銀行將視情況開展臨時(shí)正回購(gòu)或臨時(shí)逆回購(gòu)操作,時(shí)間為工作日16:00—16:20,期限為隔夜,采用固定利率、數(shù)量招標(biāo),臨時(shí)隔夜正、逆回購(gòu)操作的利率分別為7天期逆回購(gòu)操作利率減點(diǎn)20個(gè)基點(diǎn)和加點(diǎn)50個(gè)基點(diǎn)。 簡(jiǎn)單來看,央行新增了正、逆回購(gòu)操作的期限和操作時(shí)間,為公開市場(chǎng)操作在工具上、期限上和時(shí)間上提供了更多的選擇。 受訪專家認(rèn)為,央行此舉相當(dāng)于新增了日間流動(dòng)性管理工具,更好穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)流動(dòng)性。同時(shí),釋放政策利率調(diào)控信號(hào),在利率走廊的輔助下,引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)基準(zhǔn)利率充分反映市場(chǎng)供求變化,形成市場(chǎng)化的利率形成和傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制。 央行即日起將視情況開展的臨時(shí)正回購(gòu)或臨時(shí)逆回購(gòu)操作,不僅新設(shè)立隔夜期限,還進(jìn)一步拓展了原有的7天、14天、28天等逆回購(gòu)期限。同時(shí),央行開展公開市場(chǎng)操作的時(shí)間也新增工作日16:00—16:20時(shí)段。 目前,公開市場(chǎng)操作7天期逆回購(gòu)利率是央行短期政策利率,目前利率水平為1.8%。央行通過每個(gè)工作日上午9:00—9:20開展公開市場(chǎng)操作,保持銀行體系流動(dòng)性合理充裕,持續(xù)釋放短期政策利率信號(hào),使存款類金融機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)押式回購(gòu)利率(DR)等短期市場(chǎng)利率圍繞政策利率為中樞波動(dòng),并向其他市場(chǎng)利率傳導(dǎo)。面對(duì)資金面緊張局面,需要加大公開市場(chǎng)操作力度時(shí),央行還曾開展14天期、28天期逆回購(gòu)。 相較于7天期逆回購(gòu),隔夜正、逆回購(gòu)的期限更短。中信證券首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家明明在采訪中稱,央行此舉增加了一個(gè)日間流動(dòng)性管理工具,有助于穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)流動(dòng)性。“因?yàn)榻鹑跈C(jī)構(gòu)可能在月末、月中會(huì)面臨流動(dòng)性波動(dòng),央行通過日間流動(dòng)性操作可以更好穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)流動(dòng)性。” “簡(jiǎn)單來看,央行新增了正、逆回購(gòu)操作的期限和操作時(shí)間,為公開市場(chǎng)操作在工具上、期限上和時(shí)間上提供了更多的選擇。”仲量聯(lián)行大中華區(qū)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家龐溟對(duì)記者說,此舉有利于公開市場(chǎng)操作更加松緊適度、精準(zhǔn)施策。 央行規(guī)定,臨時(shí)隔夜正、逆回購(gòu)操作的利率分別為7天期逆回購(gòu)操作利率減點(diǎn)20個(gè)基點(diǎn)和加點(diǎn)50個(gè)基點(diǎn)。這意味著臨時(shí)隔夜正、逆回購(gòu)操作利率分別為1.6%、2.3%。 “隔夜正、逆回購(gòu)利率下限、上限的加點(diǎn)非對(duì)稱,因?yàn)樵履┫蛏蠅毫艽螅?.3%的利率相當(dāng)于給跨月和跨季的資金成本設(shè)置了上限。”明明說,相較于常備借貸便利(SLF)利率,隔夜正、逆回購(gòu)利率上限設(shè)置更加合理。 我國(guó)已初步建成以SLF為上廊,超額存款準(zhǔn)備金利率為下廊的利率走廊。截至2024年6月,隔夜、7天、1個(gè)月SLF利率分別為2.65%、2.8%、3.15%。但總的看,我國(guó)利率走廊寬度相對(duì)較大,明顯高于主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體。部分市場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,較寬的利率走廊使得市場(chǎng)對(duì)央行的利率調(diào)控合意區(qū)間不是特別明晰,心中不是非常托底。 龐溟表示,央行新增隔夜正、逆回購(gòu),可以更好調(diào)節(jié)流動(dòng)性,釋放政策利率調(diào)控信號(hào)。在利率走廊的輔助下,引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)基準(zhǔn)利率充分反映市場(chǎng)供求變化,形成市場(chǎng)化的利率形成和傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制。 多位專家認(rèn)為,央行新增隔夜正、逆回購(gòu)操作,再次釋放央行將健全市場(chǎng)化的利率調(diào)控機(jī)制的態(tài)度。 人民銀行行長(zhǎng)潘功勝在第十五屆陸家嘴論壇演講時(shí)說,未來可考慮明確以央行的某個(gè)短期操作利率為主要政策利率,目前看,7天期逆回購(gòu)操作利率已基本承擔(dān)了這個(gè)功能。其他期限貨幣政策工具的利率可淡化政策利率的色彩,逐步理順由短及長(zhǎng)的傳導(dǎo)關(guān)系。 明明認(rèn)為,央行新增隔夜正、逆回購(gòu)操作,將加強(qiáng)7天逆回購(gòu)引導(dǎo)作用,引導(dǎo)短期利率,類似發(fā)揮利率走廊的作用。 此前央行的政策利率包含短期政策利率和中期政策利率。從近年實(shí)踐看,短期市場(chǎng)利率圍繞政策利率為中樞波動(dòng),政策利率的引導(dǎo)效果較好,而此前作為中期政策利率的中期借貸便利(MLF)利率時(shí)常與同期限市場(chǎng)利率走勢(shì)出現(xiàn)一定偏差,市場(chǎng)可能會(huì)對(duì)此感到困惑。 市場(chǎng)專家認(rèn)為,從主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體的經(jīng)驗(yàn)看,中央銀行主要聚焦于管好短端利率,中長(zhǎng)期利率通常主要由市場(chǎng)決定的效果更好。從這個(gè)角度看,逐步淡化MLF利率的政策色彩,進(jìn)而理順各項(xiàng)貨幣政策工具由短及長(zhǎng)的利率傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制,是下階段健全利率市場(chǎng)化調(diào)控機(jī)制的重要方向。 責(zé)編:楊喻程 校對(duì):劉星瑩
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