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在線觀看首播影院
2024-11-29 12:28:49
影視簡(jiǎn)介:
在線觀看首播影院劇情介紹:
許多母語(yǔ)的使用范圍非常有限，它們只是一個(gè)氏族或幾座村莊的地方通用語(yǔ)。另一些語(yǔ)言則由分布在若干國(guó)家的、規(guī)模較大的種族群體使用。較大的母語(yǔ)，同時(shí)也可能是本國(guó)小語(yǔ)種使用者的通用語(yǔ)：?jiǎn)碳{斯學(xué)的富拉語(yǔ)是通用語(yǔ)，但也有2000萬(wàn)人以之為母語(yǔ)。斯瓦希里語(yǔ)在這方面做得更好，它同時(shí)扮演了3種不同的角色：坦桑尼亞的“重大語(yǔ)”、更大范圍內(nèi)的通用語(yǔ)，以及桑給巴爾群島和印度洋沿岸數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的母語(yǔ)。在一些非洲城市，歐洲語(yǔ)言的功能同樣在擴(kuò)展，從重大語(yǔ)變成通用語(yǔ)，甚至成為少數(shù)精英家庭里的母語(yǔ)。
會(huì)說(shuō)不會(huì)寫
重大語(yǔ)跟其他兩種語(yǔ)言有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的不同特征：它們更多地出現(xiàn)在書面。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，一些非洲語(yǔ)言一直在努力走向書面化，今天，它們有不少已經(jīng)建立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化拼寫系統(tǒng)（采用拉丁語(yǔ)、阿拉伯語(yǔ)或埃塞俄比亞字母，后者也叫吉茲字母，Ge’ez-）。然而在實(shí)踐當(dāng)中，只有極少幾種非洲語(yǔ)言在書面中被大范圍使用。很多非洲作家都更偏愛(ài)英語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)或葡萄牙語(yǔ)，其原因跟我以英語(yǔ)而非母語(yǔ)荷蘭語(yǔ)作為寫作語(yǔ)言一樣，這樣他們（我們）才得以進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。但就非洲作家的例子而言，這還不是故事的全貌，即便是純粹著眼于當(dāng)?shù)氐姆侵拮髌罚旧弦彩鞘褂蒙鲜鰵W洲語(yǔ)言之一出版的。作者們偏愛(ài)歐洲語(yǔ)言而非自己的母語(yǔ)，除了商業(yè)考量之外還有另一個(gè)原因：讀者們，哪怕是那些堅(jiān)持使用非洲語(yǔ)言的人，也覺(jué)得這更容易。閱讀一種自己不習(xí)慣在書面上看到的語(yǔ)言，就像閱讀《哈克貝利·費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》（Huckleberry Finn）里的方言對(duì)話一樣：?jiǎn)卧~的陌生樣子，會(huì)放慢我們的閱讀速度。
相關(guān)影視:在線觀看首播影院
